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THE CONSTITUTION, MADE UNDERSTANDABLE

Article 29
Protection of interests of minorities

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26 Parts12 Schedules506 indexed article entries, including historical omissions
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Source edition: as on 1 May 2026. Omitted and struck-down reference entries remain labelled. Open the authoritative PDF ↗

Article 29 / Part III

Protection of interests of minorities

included in edition
THE PLAIN-LANGUAGE GUIDE

What does this mean?

A section of citizens with a distinct language, script or culture can conserve it. Admission to a State-maintained or State-aided educational institution cannot be denied only on the grounds listed in clause 2.

Enforceable constitutional rights, their limits, protective exceptions and the courts' remedies.

IN EVERYDAY LIFE · ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

A State-aided college admission refusal solely on a listed ground raises clause 2; actual eligibility conditions still require examination.

PURPOSE & CONTEXT

Why is this provision here?

It supports cultural continuity and protects equal access to covered publicly supported educational institutions on the stated grounds.

Historical evidence

This Article number belongs to the original constitutional framework, but its present wording may include later amendments or substitutions. A provision-specific original Assembly debate has not been verified here. The explanation of function above is editorial inference from the text, not an attributed single motive of the framers. The original draft-making archive is a research resource, not proof of a particular historical reason.

The explanation of purpose is an editorial reading of the provision. A drafting motive is attributed only where a linked historical source supports it.

Limits, exceptions & reading carefully

Educational summary of the linked source text. Exceptions, provisos, implementing laws and applicable judgments must be read before applying it to a real case.

Read the official constitutional text
29. Protection of interests of minorities.—(1) Any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same. (2) No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.

Extracted from the Legislative Department’s May 2026 edition. Page footnotes may refer to neighbouring provisions; check their markers in the PDF. Inclusion in this edition does not by itself establish commencement or judicial effect.