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THE CONSTITUTION, MADE UNDERSTANDABLE

Article 23
Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour

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26 Parts12 Schedules506 indexed article entries, including historical omissions
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Source edition: as on 1 May 2026. Omitted and struck-down reference entries remain labelled. Open the authoritative PDF ↗

Article 23 / Part III

Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour

included in edition
THE PLAIN-LANGUAGE GUIDE

What does this mean?

Human trafficking, begar and other similar forced labour are prohibited. Compulsory service for public purposes is permitted under the stated non-discrimination condition; the prohibition is not limited to government employers.

Enforceable constitutional rights, their limits, protective exceptions and the courts' remedies.

IN EVERYDAY LIFE · ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

Work extracted through coercion can raise the forced-labour prohibition even where the person demanding the work is not the government.

PURPOSE & CONTEXT

Why is this provision here?

The protection addresses coercive exploitation and trafficking, including conduct outside direct State employment.

Historical evidence

This Article number belongs to the original constitutional framework, but its present wording may include later amendments or substitutions. A provision-specific original Assembly debate has not been verified here. The explanation of function above is editorial inference from the text, not an attributed single motive of the framers. The original draft-making archive is a research resource, not proof of a particular historical reason.

The explanation of purpose is an editorial reading of the provision. A drafting motive is attributed only where a linked historical source supports it.

Limits, exceptions & reading carefully

Educational summary of the linked source text. Exceptions, provisos, implementing laws and applicable judgments must be read before applying it to a real case.

Read the official constitutional text
23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.—(1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law. (2) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from imposing compulsory service for public purposes, and in imposing such service the State shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or class or any of them.

Extracted from the Legislative Department’s May 2026 edition. Page footnotes may refer to neighbouring provisions; check their markers in the PDF. Inclusion in this edition does not by itself establish commencement or judicial effect.